Based on: Thomas Rabe, John Rabe. Sein Leben, seine Zeit. Heidelberg 2009
Hua-ling Hu and Lian-hong Zhang, The Undaunted Women of Nanking: The Wartime Diaries of Minnie Vautrin and Tsen Shui-fang. Carbondale 2010

Last updated: 23/07/2019

Alfred Hürter was a diplomat working at the German Embassy in Nanjing during the months of the massacre. He fled the city with Rosen and Scharffenberg from 9 December 1937 to 9 January 1938, temporarily staying on boats on the Yangtze. When the group returned to Nanjing they reopened the German Embassy.